<p>The Kingdom of Armenia, situated in the rugged Armenian Highlands, was a formidable power in the ancient Near East. Emerging from the ashes of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu, it reached its zenith under <b>Tigranes the Great</b> (r. 95–55 BC). Tigranes expanded the kingdom into a vast empire stretching from the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean, earning the title 'King of Kings' and building a magnificent new capital, <b>Tigranocerta</b>.</p>