Philip V (238โ179 BC) was King of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC, a member of the Antigonid dynasty. His reign was defined by the struggle to maintain Macedonian hegemony in Greece against the rising power of the Roman Republic. Initially a successful ruler who consolidated his power in the Balkans, his fateful alliance with Hannibal Barca during the Second Punic War drew the ire of Rome, leading to the First Macedonian War.
Although that conflict was indecisive, the Second Macedonian War proved disastrous. His defeat at the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC) forced him to abandon his Greek possessions and limit his army, effectively reducing Macedon to a Roman client state.
Despite this humiliation, Philip spent his remaining years skillfully rebuilding his kingdom's economy and population, laying the foundations for the resurgence attempted by his son, Perseus. He died in 179 BC at Amphipolis, leaving a revitalized but threatened kingdom.