Khosrow II (r. 590โ628), also known as Khosrow Parviz ('The Victorious'), was the last prominent Sasanian king. Early in his reign, he was ousted by the usurper Bahram Chobin but regained his throne with the help of Emperor Maurice.
After Maurice's murder, Khosrow used it as a pretext to declare war on Byzantium. His armies achieved stunning successes, conquering Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, and even reaching the walls of Constantinople. He recovered the True Cross from Jerusalem, shocking the Christian world.
However, his overextension allowed Emperor Heraclius to launch a daring counterattack into the Persian heartland. Defeated at the Battle of Nineveh in 627, Khosrow was overthrown by his own son and executed, marking the beginning of the end for the Sasanian Empire.